Organ Donation And The Ethical Implications - 1441 Words

Death is not a pleasant thought to the everyday person, even though it is a simple fact of life. For some it is a welcome event that can alleviate suffering and pain and in the end save the life of another. The simple decision of becoming an organ donor can save lives and improve the quality of life of the recipient. When an individual is in need of an organ transplant, it is typically known that they are in need of an organ that facilitates a restoration of physiological functioning and will often mean the difference between life and death. A vast majority of individuals are apprehensive about what happens to their bodies after their death. In this paper we will go through the origins and history of organ donation, the process by which organs are donated, the ethical implications behind organ donation and discuss many of the proposed solutions to solve the organ shortage issue. SUMMARY OF THE HISTORY OF ORGAN DONATION The beginning steps of organ donations arose with an array of experimental transplants. Although it wasn’t until 1878 that the first successful transplant was completed, which used a bone from a cadaver. (14) From then on bone marrow transplants began by giving patients bone marrow orally to cure leukemia. This had no effect, but later when they used intravenous injections to treat aplastic anemia, there was some noticeable effects. Eventually developments began to arise that largely aided organ donation, one of which was the discovery of blood groups inShow MoreRelatedEthics and Organ Donation1598 Words   |  7 PagesPaper Ethical Issues Related to Organ Donations In 1983 Dr H Barry Jacobs, a physician from Virginia, whose medical license had been revoked after a conviction for Medicare mail-fraud, founded International Kidney Exchange, Ltd. He sent a brochure to 7,500 American hospitals offering to broker contracts between patients with end-stage-renal-disease and persons willing to sell one kidney. His enterprise never got off the ground, but Dr Jacobs did spark an ethical debate that resultedRead MoreProponents Of Financial Incentives For Organ Donation Essay775 Words   |  4 Pages Proponents of financial incentives for organ donation assert that a demonstration project is necessary to confirm or refute the types of concerns mentioned above. The American Medical Association, the United Network for Organ Sharing and the Ethics Committee of the American Society of Transplant Surgeons have called for pilot studies of financial incentives. Conversely, the National Kidney Foundation maintains that it would not be feasible to design a pilot project that would definitively demonstrateRead MoreUse Of Bio Printers As A Replacement For Current Organ Donation Treatments1442 Words   |  6 Pagesin which 3D printing technology can be implemented in. In this paper, the potential use of bio-printers as a replacement for current organ donation treatments was investigated. The current organ situation in Australia was explored to assess whether the implementation of bio-printing was suitable. It was discovered that more than 1,500 people are on the Australian organ transplant waiting list, and was thus concluded that bio-printing technology could assist in reducing stress on the waiting lists.Read MoreThe And Its Effect On Human Life921 Words   |  4 PagesWith recent advances organ transplants have advances dew hope for the treatment of kidney, Liver diseases. However, this promise has been accompanied by several issues. The most common issue has raised its ethical implications in the culture like Muslim world, because in 19 83, the Muslim Religious Council disallowed organ donations by supporters of Islam, but it has overturned its position, as long the donor s consent in writing before death.. Transplanted Islam powerfully believes in the principleRead MoreOrgan Donation And The United States1469 Words   |  6 Pageson a waiting list for an organ donation (Organ and Tissue Donations, 2015). Out of these individuals, nearly 10 die each day waiting for an organ (All About Donation, 2015). The need for organ donation has increased dramatically with the many advances in medicine (FAQ, 2011). To be considered an organ donor in the United States one must sign a Uniform Donor Card, however, once an individual has deceased, the family must provide consent to participate in organ donation (Korschun, 2013). This createsRead MoreAn Ethical Implication of Organ Transplants3625 Words   |  15 PagesAn Ethical Implication of Organ Transplants Nickolus Sorenson Health Care Ethics and Medical Law Instructor: Kymberly Lum September 24, 2012 All aspects of health care face the inevitability of moral and ethical issues arising on numerous fronts. The organ donation and transplantation field of medicine is no exception. Each day, approximately 18 people die waiting for an organ to become available for transplant (Taranto, 2010). In the grand schemeRead MoreOrgan Donations : Ethical Issues2085 Words   |  9 PagesUnregistered Organ Donations: Ethical Issues Introduction and Background A major, worldwide public health issue exists that many, if not most, people are either unaware of or, at best, paid little heed to. It is the issue of organ donations. Many thousands of people in countless countries suffer from major health issues that require these people receive organ transplants. If they do not receive these transplants, they will die from organ failure (Cohen, Bistritz, Ashkenazi, 2015; Kennedy, 1979)Read MoreThe Problem Of Organ Donation And Transplantation Essay2343 Words   |  10 Pagesglobal counterparts. This is the area of organ donation and transplantation. As of August 2013, the total number of people on the waitlist for organs in the United States was around 120,000 according to the United Network of Organ Sharing. Comparatively, the number of organ transplants performed in the United States was only 11,580 according to the United Network of Organ Sharing. Therefore, there is a prominent difference between supply and demand of organs in the United St ates. Many consider theRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Surrounding Organ Transplantation2459 Words   |  10 PagesOutline Title: The Ethical Issues Surrounding Organ Transplantation Abstract With organ transplants so prevalent in today’s society, it is important that the ethical issues surrounding them are fully understood. While many people want to see life extended as long as possible, there are others who believe life must be allowed to run its natural course. This literature review examines the process of organ transplantation from continuous shortages of available organs to the distribution processRead MoreOrgan Transplantation Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Organ transplantation is a medical act which involves the surgical operating by transferring or removing of an organ from one person to the other, or placing the organ of a donor into the body of a recipient for the replacement of the recipients damaged or failed organ which resulted from impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism or an act that causes someone to receive physical damage. Lately, there is an emerging innovation whereby organs are created

Capstone Assignment 4 - 1313 Words

Assignment #4 Me’Shaw A. Taylor HwangJi Lu BUS499 8/24/12 For the corporation that has acquired another company, merged with another company, or been acquired by another company, evaluate the strategy that led to the merger or acquisition to determine whether or not this merger or acquisition was a wise choice. Justify your opinion. The merger I choose to research was the acquisition of Pixar by Disney. The merger between Disney and Pixar was a very successful one. They worked together in the past and their contract was running out after the release of Cars. This was the perfect opportunity and sensible move for these two companies to merge. The merger would allow the companies to work together conveniently. This merger was very†¦show more content†¦A corporation that I choose that operates solely in the United States and has not been involved in any mergers or acquisitions would have to be Target Corporation. Target is an American retailing company that operates out of Minneapolis, Minnesota. It also is the second largest discount retailer in the United States (Barwise). Target also boasts a 33rd ranking on the Fortune 500 and a component of Samp;P’s 500. A possible acquisition for Target would be the addition of Best Buy. Best Buy has been struggling as of late and has basically become a show room for items that people will go elsewhere to purchase at a lower price. Best Buy suffers for its lack of variety and people will rather go shop at places such as Target and Wal-Mart. Target could also benefit from this merger by acquiring Best Buy’s brand presence and experience in selling electronics and appliances. Best Buy currently operates too many stores, and is in a dire need of a stronger presence online and has a dwindling reputation of taking care of its customers. It would be a good idea for Target to remake its electronics sections into Best Buy mini-stores and utilize its strengths in customer service to strengthen these departments. Replacing Best Buy larger stores could be smaller Best Buy locations in smaller towns and more strategic areas with the backing of a strong Target- Best Buy internet presence. Target could also utilize Best Buy’s biggest asset GeekShow MoreRelatedBus 599 Week 10 Assignment 4: Capstone Project Strategic Management628 Words   |  3 PagesBUS 599 Week 10 Assignment 4: Capstone Project Strategic Management Click Link Below To Buy: http://hwcampus.com/shop/bus-599-week-10-assignment-4-capstone-project-strategic-management/ BUS 599 Week 10 strategic management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group. Due Week 10 and worth 480 points Use the Internet or the Library to research articles on strategic management of Apple Inc. and Samsung Group. 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Read MoreEssay Strategic Operations1447 Words   |  6 PagesHand- ­Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â€˜In    (Before   class)       Project   Progress    (After   class)    2    Peapod    External   view   of   the    organization’s    operations.       Risk   assessment    Operational   hedges    Sourcing   challenges    Plan   for   next   steps    3    4    Seagate   Technology                  (Ch.   12,   p.      405)          Simulation    preparation    Course   Description   and   Objectives    THE    GOAL    OF    THIS    COURSE    is    to    understand    how    strategic    operations    decisions    impact   theRead MoreNurs 439 Week 3 Research Database Assignment Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesNURS 439 WEEK 3 RESEARCH DATABASE ASSIGNMENT To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/nurs-439-week-3-research-database-assignment/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM NURS 439 WEEK 3 RESEARCH DATABASE ASSIGNMENT Guidelines and Grading Rubric Purpose You are to locate and document research databases that relate to a significant clinical nursing issue of your choice. 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Civic Engagement Free Essays

Civic Engagement and Political Awareness in the Youth of America Change is inevitable and the popular one hit wonder, Video Killed the Radio Star, echoes a nostalgic desire to appreciate the past. The simple, yet meaningful verse, â€Å"we can’t rewind we’ve gone too far,† drives home the notion that the past is in the past, and one can only move forward. The song directly relates to technological changes in music at that time period. We will write a custom essay sample on Civic Engagement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The lyrics give the impression radio will be replaced by visually stimulating music videos; however, the future has proved that radio has not been replaced; music has merely been enhanced by the continuous change of technological advancements. Political scientist and professor, Robert Putnam illustrates in his book, Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital, how one of the primary culprits in the decline of political awareness and civic engagement is the new media, for example, the Internet. Further studies suggest this is not necessarily the case. Video Killed the Radio Star mirrors the relentless argument of whether the mass media has hindered or assisted in political awareness and civic activity in adolescents and young adults. The radio made people famous, and even after music videos became popular, music was still streamed through a radio and continues to be used to this day. Studies have shown that civic engagement and political awareness has declined, at all age levels, and yet there is evidence that the mass media can have a positive effect on cultivating social capital, especially in the interest of young voters in America. The issue at hand is not mass media, but how mass media can be used as a means to stay informed on community issues and how it can create a sense of community. In the article, America’s Youth and Community Engagement: How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds, the authors begin by providing troubling evidence, â€Å"Voter turnout in congressional and presidential elections has dropped since 1960†¦ Americans are less involved in political activities ranging from signing petitions to attending rallies† (Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson 115). Putnam compares the decline in civic engagement to the massive decline of bowling leagues; however, as bowling memberships are declining, the number of people bowling has increased. He explains the concept of a bonding capital and a bridging capital within the social capital as a whole. The theory of bonding and bridging can also be described in terms of strong ties and weak ties of networking. Professors Homero Gil de Zuniga and Sebastian Valenzuela explored Putnam’s research further in their article, The Mediating Path to a Stronger Citizenship: Online and Offline Networks, Weak Ties and Civic Engagement, finding it inclusive that bridging, or associating with weak ties provide one with a greater networking base, and therefore more information and resources. Bridging and weak ties are when an individual socializes with people who are different from themselves. Bonding and strong ties are individuals who are linked to each other on varying levels of intimacy; for example, one’s inner circle of friends and family. Putnam additionally points out that bonding and bridging strengthen each other. Because of the decline of bonding, there is a decline in bridging, which he links to the drop of organizational forms of capital due to the mass media. Like Putnam, authors Zuniga and Valenzuela agree that â€Å"larger networks foster civic participation so long as they provide access to weak ties,† yet they take into consideration that the internet is vast with diversity and is not â€Å"geographically bounded,† and therefore â€Å"argue that the online context should be more strongly associated with weak-tie communication than the offline context† (405). According to Zuniga and Valenzuela, this connection shows that internet based networks and weak ties will be more effective than the relationship between personal, offline networking and weak ties. The authors mentioned earlier, Josh Pasek, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen Hall Jamieson conducted a telephone survey to assess â€Å"12 different uses of mass media as well as awareness of current national politics and time spent in civic activities† in respect to the youth and how mass media is related to political awareness and civic activity (115). If the conclusion made by Zuniga and Valenzuela is accurate, then the new media will have a positive effect on the younger population’s role in developing social capital. Historically, when print media flourished, it served as a way to stay in touch with the community of readers with no face-to-face interaction and â€Å"made possible the development of the modern nation state† (117). Internet is just another mechanism to build social networks, in which interpersonal communication is absent, like the newspaper. However, unlike the newspaper, internet provides individuals with an extensive opportunity to network with people who are not in their inner circle, thus weak ties are created. Furthermore, Pasek, Kenski, Romer, and Jamieson examine how some forms of media are more effective than others, and explain how media that solely exists to entertain adolescents and young adults can aid in promoting group activities with individuals that can share their experiences and develop a sense of community. They are still experiencing social participation, even if the activity is not directly associated with civic activities. The authors evaluated the 12 different uses of mass media and assessed each media variable based on if it improved political awareness or civic engagement, or both. The researchers also included demographic predictors that would correspond with the study: age, race, gender, and socioeconomic status. It is apparent that adults would have a higher amount of political knowledge. â€Å"The average education level in our sample was 10. years of schooling†¦ Of respondents, 78. 9 percent were currently students,† which would give them the edge since there are more opportunities to become involved in community service activities and clubs the schools have to offer. Some schools require community service to graduate. Socioeconomic status also plays a role in political awareness and civic engagement. This correlates directly to the fact that individuals who are w ealthier have the resources and means to educate their children and are probably highly educated as well. Race and gender is yet another factor in evaluating political knowledge and civic engagement, whereas â€Å"whites appear more politically aware than Blacks, Hispanics, and other non-Whites†¦ however, race has not been as strongly related in one direction or the other [in regards to civic engagement, and]†¦ women, on average, belong to more associations and organizations than men but tend to exhibit less political knowledge† (123). The results of How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, revealed that if media usage increased in frequency, it had a negative impact on political awareness and civic engagement, which is to be expected. Although reading remained positive, the results showed individuals took longer to develop a well-rounded political knowledge base if their reading increased. This is the cause of a decrease in active engagement with others. The authors could not predict if newspapers increased civic activity, however, it was evident that it increased political awareness. Civic activity was strongly related to political awareness, and the findings also concluded that the Internet increased civic engagement, along with listening to news on the radio, following shows on television, and reading magazines. Not only were civic activities found to be directly related to political awareness, but the media had an overall positive effect on civic engagement and political knowledge. In his research, Putnam fails to assess new ways to approach civic engagement and political awareness, and instead looks to the old. Relating civic engagement to the decline of bowling leagues seems futile to the reader, especially to a young adult. As society changes, activities change; people change. The youth of today are more interested in modern technology, which is why more candidates should reevaluate how they approach the younger generation in regards to the elections and make use of the Internet during elections. Because young voters are growing up in a time when technology is usually readily available to them, they look mostly to the web for political information. Youth turnout for the 2004 elections showed â€Å"marked increases. † Most likely prompted by the war in Iraq, intense efforts were made to ensure younger generations were actively engaged throughout the campaigns. New media tools were also used, with websites put up that focused on attracting the younger population to politics; â€Å"an estimated 28 percent of 18- 29-year-olds received most of their information about the campaigns via the Internet in 2004, making them the age group most reliant on new media for political information about the election† (Xenos and Bennett 444). However, in the article The Disconnection in Online Politics, Michael Xenos and W. Lance Bennett stress the fact that although younger voters are participating online, they are less likely to visit a site that is sponsored by a specific party or electoral candidate. Unfortunately, politicians are very slow when adapting to the modern world of technology, and do not make use of the web to attract young voters. On sites like Rock the Vote, they give young voters access to interactive features, and yet links to websites with related political information and resources are not easily accessible. Young voters only attain a morsel of information from youth engagement websites. Between 2002 and 2004, Xenos and Bennett conducted an extensive analysis of political sites that focused on youth involvement, as well as electoral sites, and they found the â€Å"overall pattern is one of overlap† (456). The candidates’ websites were not designed to attract young voters. They merely addressed the same issues on their sites as seen on the youth sites; however, on the electoral sites they clearly were not reaching out to the younger population of voters. Professional consultants correlate politicians’ indifference to youth voters because senior citizens have a higher voting rate. Xenos and Bennett express their disappointment, â€Å"younger voters who ignore politicians largely do so because politicians largely ignore them† (457). It is ironic because voters are less involved in politics due to politicians’ lack of interest in their appeals, and politicians show disregard for the youth because of their low voting turnout and vice versa. If politicians, our leaders, are putting the youth aside, who is going to devote the time to inform the younger generation of the importance on civic activities and political awareness? In correlation with the decline of adult involvement in social participation and volunteering, people simply do not have the time or energy to devote to their own needs, let alone join a civic organization. In today’s society, both parents work to make ends meet. There are usually a higher percentage of female volunteers to male volunteers, but now that women are taking on raising children, housework, and working an additional 15 hours per week than men, the idea of becoming involved in community activities is overwhelming. The economy is in a stale state, and since the 1970s, the percentage of single mothers has increased dramatically (Freedman 246). Children are being isolated more often than not, which can also result in the disregard for community and civic engagement. Mentoring programs are unreliable, and many adolescents and young adults are left in the dark without an adult role model: â€Å"In his essay â€Å"Building Community, John Gardner [Miriam and Peter Haas Centennial Professor at Stanford Business School] offers both consolation and wisdom about the historical process of community erosion and renewal†¦ â€Å"disintegration of human communities is as old as human history†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"We can’t know all the forms community will take, but we know the values and the kinds of supporting structures we want to preserve. We are a community building species. We might become remarkably ingenious at creating new forms of community for a swiftly changing world. †Ã¢â‚¬  (Freedman 248) Robert Putnam insists on looking to the old, and if he must, he should look at the potential of civic renewal in the volunteering of senior citizens. Over the past thirty years, the population of Americans over the age of 65 has doubled and will continue to increase. Marc Freedman, the author of the article, Towards Civic Renewal, Journal of Gerontological Social Work, expresses his faith in the nation’s retirees to change the deterioration of volunteerism in the U. S. , where children are in need of the most help. If children at an earlier age gained better insight into what it means to have a sense of community and belonging, they would have a better awareness of civic engagement and a broader knowledge base of politics on the state, local, and national level. Senior citizens also have the time, and there is evidence that implies older adults are looking to stay active in their communities; â€Å"As one recent U. S Administration on Aging-sponsored survey reveals, a full 37. percent of older Americans say they would volunteer if asked, while an additional 25. 6 percent already volunteering indicate that they would like to devote more time to service,† and they prefer to work with the younger generation (Freedman 249). Not only will it help the children, but it will also help the senior citizens. 55 percent of seniors feel a sense of uselessness when they retire†¦ a 25-yr National Institute of Mental Health study finds, for example, that â€Å"highly organized activity is the single strongest predictor, other than not smoking, of longevity and vitality† (Freedman 250). The local and federal government is known for lost proposals. Perhaps some of them would have been successfully planned out and put into action if accepted, and Freedman makes the idea of senior involvement seem feasible. Freedman provides the reader with examples of effective programs in community involvement created by the older population; one example is a â€Å"union-sponsored initiative that helps nonviolent juvenile offenders find and keep blue-collar jobs. Freedman goes onto explain to doubtful readers that are thinking, where is this money going to come from? America’s budget is steadily falling into a rabbit hole, and yet the author is confident in the â€Å"†talent, experience and commitment† of older adults,† and their ability to organize well and get tasks completed quickly and effectively (252). Civic engagement and political awareness is declining because of the absence of an inspiring role model in the youth of today, and this program shows r omise of creating a healthier sense of community for the older and the younger generations. Reiterating authors’, Homero Gil de Zuniga and SebastianValenzuela’s earlier consensus, the decline in civic engagement is not the consequence of the mass media and modern age of technology. The importance of weak ties through the Internet is actually seen through the web of networking that people from all over the world create, which ignites a stronger relationship in civic participation than networking face-to-face with weak ties. This finding was reinforced by the study on various media uses in the article; How Use of Mass Media is Related to Civic Activity and Political Awareness in 14- to 22- Year-Olds, where the end result is conclusive with Zuniga and Valenzuela’s evidence. The media can enhance civic engagement and political awareness if used sparingly and in the right context. â€Å"The mind is a double edged sword. It has immense power and it is capable of accomplishing both useful and destructive feats. † (Atharva Veda http://thinkexist. com/quotes/atharva_veda/). It is not the media that is destructive. The minds of the populace are ignoring the real issue at hand. The mind could be used more effectively in developing new ideas to encourage civic engagement and political awareness in the younger population. The media actually promotes civic participation and therefore is directly related to political awareness; overall the media has a positive effect on social capital. It is the communities’ job to instill these values on the children so they can grow into informed adults and have their own opinions and ideas, passing those values onto their children and so on. Bibliography Freedom, Mark. â€Å"Towards Civic Renewal. † Journal of Gerontological Social Work 28. 3 (1997): 243-63. EBSCOhost. The Haworth Press, Inc. , 11 Oct. 2008. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. http://www. tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10. 1300/J083v28n03_08. Pasek, Josh, Kate Kenski, Daniel Romer, and Kathleen H. Jamieson. â€Å"America’s Youth andCommunity Engagement: How Use of Mass Media Is Related to Civic Activity andPolitical Awareness in 14- to 22-Year-Olds | DeepDyve. † DeepDyve – Millions ofArticles At Your Fingertips. Sage, 27 How to cite Civic Engagement, Essay examples

Max Dupain free essay sample

The sunbaker was taken in 1938 Some of the artistic intentions and reasons that Max Dupain has taken this photograph exactly in this way are that max Dupain has deliberately faded away the background in this photograph to highlight and draw the eye upon the picture of the man. He may also have decided to fade the background, as the way the sand blends in with the skin colour of the man, adds to Dupain’s theme of â€Å"beach culture†. Max Dupain has also taken this photograph as a full body close up of the man, which suits the photograph more. Like many of Dupain’s photograph, this photo is taken and has association with the beach. The atmosphere, from looking at the photograph, is quiet and unruffled and the mood can be described at peaceful; the conditions that most sunbakers love. This photograph focuses on the way that this scene was captured, as well as the man and the features he possesses. We will write a custom essay sample on Max Dupain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Sunbaker by Max Dupain was an interesting photograph and the way he did it portrayed his theme of â€Å"beach culture† very well. By Maddi Meldrum

Cyber Security Assessment

Introduction Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale Bank was established in 1864 in France by a caucus of moguls and investors with the aim of improving and bolstering their commercial ventures. Over the years, the bank has tremendously improved its financial outlay. This has enabled it to extend its presence in many nations. Today, the bank is among the successful financial institutions globally. Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Cyber Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The bank offers retail banking, savings schemes and intercontinental banking services. Thus, the bank handles thousands of varied transactions daily. Despite its success in the corporate arena, it has experienced a myriad of fraudulent cases which have affected its corporate profile and are likely to retard its future growth. This paper identifies and discusses the policies, vulnerabilities, risks and internal controls of Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale. Fraudsters have pervaded the financial sector with the banking subsector being the hardest hit. It has been quite challenging to track fraudsters because they apply sophisticated technologies which banks cannot keep pace with. In simple terms, bank fraud refers to the unlawful mechanisms of accessing or being in possession of money or other properties that belong to a financial company. Bank fraud can also be practiced in form of receiving money from shareholders by purporting to be a genuine financial institution. Destabilization of the financial base of an organization is one the most devastating effects of fraud. With reference to the banking sector, fraud can lead to a mass exodus of potential depositors who may no longer trust the bank with their savings. Second, fraud can cause serious liability to a bank; hence, culminating into a collapsed bank situation. Fraud in the bank can either be conducted by the staff or outsiders. In some cases, the two can conspire to siph on out assets and money from the bank. â€Å"The most serious incidence of fraud that Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale has ever witnessed occurred on 24-1-2008, when Jà ©rà ´me Kerviel (a single futures dealer) allegedly lost close to US$7.2 billion† (NBC News, 2008). This was the worst case of fraud the bank has suffered since its inception (CBS News, 2009). Kerviel is believed to have coordinated and executed a chain of fake transactions, which the bank could not trace. The management of the bank revealed that Kerviel exploited every loophole to hack the computer operations at the bank. He mainly focused on tampering with security control systems to pave way for his illegal transactions. The changes Kerviel effected on the computer systems helped him to get rid of credit controls; hence, the risk personnel could not easily track his huge transactions. Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He was also reported to have stolen the secret codes of his workmates that served at the trading section and department of technology. Kerviel possessed vast technical control procedures that enabled him to manipulate the security installations. Thus, he was able to access important information that was out of reach to many employees. Having served in the back office for roughly six years, Kerviel learnt how the control systems of the bank operated. Finally, he gained privileged access codes that he used to eliminate five control systems before executing his transactions. An in-depth security analysis of the fraud incident revealed that lack of proper information control systems prompted the hacking of the privilege codeword. Privileged user accounts are one of the most secure IT venture settings, and are used to secure sensitive databases and servers. The secret codes are â€Å"generic in character; they encompass, but are not restricted to generic accoun ts such as administrator on Wintel platforms, root on UNIX systems, and hard-coded passwords† (Bishop, 2009, p. 345). One disadvantage of this kind of data security system is that in case the secret code is revealed to many individuals, several operating systems can easily be hacked. The bank was probably using a single security code to secure several systems. This kind of security system creates loopholes, which can easily be misused by fraudsters. System prowlers apply authentic codes to access systems just like privileged users. They like attacking systems because they are often secured using weak secret codes that can easily be conjectured or have remained unchanged for a long time. An application like Weblogic that is secured with embedded privileged secret codes has high chances of being hacked. Reviewing Current Policies The establishment of appropriate and reliable security policies at Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale needs a clear approach that will facilitate the identif ication of the current computer vulnerabilities. The status of the current security policies can be established by analyzing current documents and detecting parts of the system that lack appropriate policies. â€Å"The critical areas of the system that need to be reviewed include: physical access controls, network security policies, data security policies and contingency and disaster recovery plans and tests† (Gollmann, 2011, p. 123). Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Cyber Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More â€Å"In addition, documents that have confidential data like computer BIOS secret codes, router configuration secret codes and access control documents should also be reviewed† (Gollmann, 2011, p. 125). Examining the security requirements of Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale should also involve finding out the extent of its exposure to known threats. This analysis encompasses identifyin g the nature of the bank’s assets because they determine the type of risks it should be protected from. It is also important to list the potential risks because it enables the security personnel to determine techniques such as email hacking and viruses that can be applied in the attack. Therefore, the security personnel at Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale Bank should improve their skills of tackling such challenges. Improving Security Strategies A good security system is supposed to include both proactive and reactive approaches. A proactive strategy has a number of procedures that mitigate potential security risks and build up emergency plans. Determining the destruction that an onslaught will cause on a given data assists in creating a strategy that is proactive. On the other hand, a reactive plan assists in examining the extent of damage on a system after it has been hacked. This helps in making decisions such as repairing the corrupted system or implementing emergency plans. The first step towards securing the system is developing effective mechanisms for identifying potential risks and developing mechanisms to resist the potential risks. Start by securing the system against common threats. It is easier to prevent threats than to reconstruct the system after an attack. All potential threats that may destabilize the system should also be scrutinized by the security administrators. These potential threats include malevolent prowlers, non wicked threats, and natural calamities. Consider all of the possible threats that cause attacks on systems. Most of the attacks are caused by employees. Reactive Strategy A reactive strategy could offer the best solution to deal with the fraud case at Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale because the proactive strategy failed to secure the system. The reactive plan identifies the procedures that should be followed during and after intrusion. â€Å"This strategy detects the extent of the destruction caused and the loopholes tha t were taken advantage of in the attack, it establishes why it occurred, refurbish the spoilt systems, and execute an eventuality plan if available† (Pfleeger, 2008, p. 657). Reactive and proactive strategy work hand in hand to buildup security controls to mitigate intrusion and the destruction caused during such incidences.Advertising Looking for assessment on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Assess the Damage Identify the destruction that occurred during the intrusion. This process should be executed very quickly so that reconstruction of the system can commence as soon as possible. Establish the Source of the Damage This can be achieved by analyzing the system logs because they give clue about the origin of the attack. System and audit logs can also be examined because they are also instrumental in tracing the source of an attack. Repair the Damage Reconstruction of the system should be done immediately after detecting the source of the attack to facilitate the execution of usual operations and whatever information misplaced during the interruption. Document and Learn Where feasible, all attack situations must be analyzed and documented to identify the most appropriate security steps and controls that can secure the system. The security group should handle cases such as insider attacks and viruses. Such efforts generate skills that a company can apply and data to give out before and after incidents. In addition, the security team is supposed to examine any unfamiliar occurrence which may involve system controls. Documentation must encompass all the facets of the attack which can possibly be identified. Documentation will assist in adjusting proactive strategies for curbing potential intrusion or reducing destructions. Implement Contingency Plan If there is a contingency arrangement, it can be put into operation to avoid time wastage and to maintain business operations. In a situation whereby there is no emergency plan, create a suitable plan based on the evidence from the previous step. Review Outcome â€Å"Examining the outcome is important and should involve: loss in efficiency, information or mislaid, and the used to reorganize the system† (Pfleeger, 2008, p. 678). If possible, list the type of attack, its source, the mechanisms that were used to execute it, and the loopholes that were exploited. Review Policy Effectiveness If there ar e policies to guard against an intrusion that has occurred, they must be examined, reviewed and tested out for their efficiency. New polices must be created if they have not been used before to reduce potential attacks. Amend Policy Properly If the policy is of poor quality, it must be upgraded properly. Updating of polices should only be undertaken by an authorized personnel that deals with system securities. Moreover, a security policy can be configured in a manner that it only allows the users to access the system during the normal working hours. This reduces hacking incidences. Conclusion The security managers of Socià ©tà © Gà ©nà ©rale should determine the amount of time and resources that can enable them to create effective security controls. Apart from setting up an efficient security strategy, security auditors need to realize that security is a full time need in the organization. Hence, they should always update their security system regularly. This assessment on Cyber Security was written and submitted by user Vihaan Ingram to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Future Years ACT Test Dates 2019, 2020, and Beyond

Future Years' ACT Test Dates 2019, 2020, and Beyond SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Future ACT dates are only confirmed a little more than a year in advance, but at PrepScholar, we’ve researched patterns from previous testing years to predict future ACT test dates. The ACT test dates for 2019-20 have been officially released, but I’ll also provide the confirmed and likely dates for 2020-21 and 2021-22. From the data we’ve looked at, we can predict these dates with a fair degree of confidence. 2019-2020 ACT Test Dates Here are all the ACT dates, registration deadlines, and score release dates for the current 2019-20 school year. All dates and deadlines have been confirmed by ACT, Inc. Test Date Deadline Late Deadline Online Score Release* Sept 14, 2019 Aug 16, 2019 Aug 30, 2019 Sept 24; Oct 10, 2019 Oct 26, 2019 Sept 20, 2019 Oct 4, 2019 Nov 12; Nov 26, 2019 Dec 14, 2019 Nov 8, 2019 Nov 22, 2019 Dec 24, 2019; Jan 7, 2020 Feb 8, 2020 Jan 10, 2020 Jan 17, 2020 Feb 18; Mar 3, 2020 Apr 4, 2020 Feb 28, 2020 Mar 13, 2020 Apr 14; Apr 28, 2020 June 13, 2020 May 8, 2020 May 22, 2020 June 23; July 7, 2020 July 18, 2020** June 19, 2020 June 26, 2020 July 28; Aug , 2020 *The first date is when multiple-choice scores come out, and the second date is when complete scores become available**No test centers scheduled in New York for this date. 2020-2021 ACT Test Dates This is the anticipated schedule for the ACT test dates, registration deadlines, and score release dates for the 2020-21 school year. All dates are based on our own projections. Test Date Deadline Late Deadline Online Score Release* Sept 12, 2020 Aug 7, 2020 Aug 21, 2020 Sept 22; Oct 6, 2020 Oct 24, 2020 Sept 20, 2020 Oct 4, 2020 Nov 3; Nov 17, 2020 Dec 12, 2020 Nov 6, 2020 Nov 20, 2020 Dec 22, 2020; Jan 5, 2021 Feb 6, 2021 Jan 8, 2021 Jan 15, 2021 Feb 16; Mar 1, 2021 Apr 10, 2021 Mar 5, 2021 Mar 19, 2021 Apr 20; May 4, 2021 June 12, 2021 May 7, 2021 May 21, 2021 June 22; July 6, 2021 July 17, 2021 June , 2021 June 25, 2021 July 27; Aug 10, 2021 *The first date is when multiple-choice scores come out, and the second date is when complete scores become available 2021-2022 ACT Test Dates Finally, let's take a look at the projected dates and deadlines for the 2021-22 ACT testing year. As noted above, all of these dates are our own projections. Test Date Deadline Late Deadline Online Score Release* Sept , 2021 Aug 6, 2021 Aug 20, 2021 Sept 21; Oct 5, 2021 Oct 23, 2021 Sept 19, 2021 Oct 3, 2021 Nov 2; Nov 16, 2021 Dec , 2021 Nov 5, 2021 Nov 19, 2021 Dec 21, 2021; Jan 4, 2022 Feb 5, 2022 Jan 7, 2022 Jan 14, 2022 Feb 15; Feb 28, 2022 Apr 9, 2022 Mar 4, 2022 Mar 18, 2022 Apr 19; May 3, 2022 June , 2022 May 6, 2022 May 20, 2022 June 21; July 5, 2022 July 16, 2022 June 10, 2022 June 24, 2022 July 26; Aug 9, 2022 *The first date is when multiple-choice scores come out, and the second date is when complete scores become available How Accurate Are These Future ACT Test Dates? The 2019-20 ACT test dates and registration deadlines have been confirmed by ACT, Inc. All other dates are our projections based on the testing patterns from previous years' schedules. The ACT test dates and registration deadlines for future years should be fairly accurate, as there's little variation from year to year. The score release dates for all years are less predictable, but scores should come out within a week of the anticipated score release dates. Also, note that not everyone receives their multiple-choice scores at the same time. How to Use These ACT Test Date Projections Most of the future ACT dates in this article should be correct. If you have an idea of the month and year you want to take the test, you can check to see whether your test date is on the same day as, say, prom or your birthday. Basically, these charts make it easy to figure out whether you’ll have any possible conflicts. If any of the test dates are off, they’ll most likely be exactly a week earlier or later. Remember, though, that there is some margin of error and these are still just projections. You can plan your ACT schedule using our projections, but definitely check again within a year of the test for the confirmed dates. Nevertheless, the above dates should give you a good idea of when future ACTs will take place. What's Next? Are you wondering when you should sign up to take the ACT for the first time? This guide to choosing the right ACT test date describes the most important considerations to help you choose the best test date for you. Starting your ACT prep? Check out our guide on the best ways to study for the ACT for all the tips you need to know to reach your goal score. In addition, learn how to make your own study plan. Practice tests are an important part of ACT prep, and our guide to using ACT practice tests will explain everything you need to know about how to use them correctly. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

History of wool Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History of wool - Essay Example The origin of wool can be traced back in Asia Minor just like the story of human civilization. This happened during the Stone Age period, over 10,000 years ago. Sheep was used by the primitive man who lived on the Mesopotamian plain for shelter, clothing, and food. With time, man learned how to weave and spin, and woolen materials turned to be part of their riches. Romans, Persians, and Greeks distributed sheep over Europe between 3000 and 1000 B.C, which improved the breeds. King Henry VIII, who reigned between 1509 and 1547, seized the flocks of monasteries and gave them out to the court favorites (American Wool 2). The shepherds who were left unemployed were then sent to prison for failing to repay their debts. This was part of the incitement that led them to migrate into America. England through his Kings tried to discourage the wool industry in North America, however, some few sheep that had been smuggled there had multiplied into over 100,000 sheep by 1665. There was even a law passed by Massachusetts that required a young people to spin and weave. The American tradition and folklore grew together with the wool industry. The eldest unmarried daughters in the family were charged with the spinning duties, hence the name ‘spinster. They wound spun yarn on a reel that when a given yardage was arrived at, it made a popping sound. American Wool. "The History of Wool Fact Sheet." Division American Sheep Industry Association Inc. (2013): 1-2. Web. 28 January 2015.